A Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) targeted advertisement delivery method that is operable in a processor coupled to a memory. The method includes monitoring all outgoing communications on a server in order to identify a VoIP telephony signal. Upon detection of a VoIP telephony signal indicating that a VoIP call setup is in progress, the method determines whether a caller identifier associated with the VoIP telephony signal identifies an associated caller as a candidate for a targeted advertisement delivery. If the caller is a candidate for a targeted advertisement delivery, identifying and retrieving a targeted advertisement for presentation to the caller during the call setup.